<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">najge</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Геоэкономика энергетики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geoeconomics of Energetics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-0703</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО Институт стран СНГ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48137/26870703_2024_26_2_90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">najge-132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ И НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОБЛЕМЫ РОСТА АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ В КИТАЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PROBLEMS OF GROWTH OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN CHINA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокофьев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokof’ev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ПРОКОФЬЕВ Виктор Анатольевич, аспирант кафедры мировой экономики</p><p>г. Москва, 117997, Стремянный пер., 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PROKOF’EV Viktor A., postgraduate of World Economy Department</p><p>36, Stremyanny lane, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ghjr12@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский экономический университет им. Г. В. Плеханова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian university of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>90–105</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокофьев В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокофьев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokof’ev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geoenergy-journal.ru/jour/article/view/132">https://www.geoenergy-journal.ru/jour/article/view/132</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу проблем альтернативной энергетики Китая. Обеспечение экономического роста достигается стабильными и достаточными поставками энергии на нужны промышленности. Геополитическая напряженность порождает развитие национальных энергоресурсов, и прежде всего возобновляемых источников, развитие которых имеет ряд проблем. Детальное изучение 14-го пятилетнего плана (2021–2025) в области энергетики позволило выявить проблемы на пути достижения энергетических целей Китая. Во-первых, главной проблемой альтернативной генерации является высокий уровень «потерь», т. е. необходимость балансировки производства энергии с ее потреблением. Неравномерность производства энергии в течение дня, недостаток аккумуляторов большой мощности, а также линий высокого напряжения для передачи энергии усугубляют данную проблему. Во-вторых, борьба за земельные площади порождает конкуренцию с сельским хозяйством, строительным и промышленным секторами. В-третьих, проблемой альтернативной энергетики являются ее недостаточная эффективность (характеризуемая соотношением производства энергии и установленной мощности, а также плотностью энергии), которая порождает сокращение субсидий и замещение ВИЭ источников на развитие более эффективных, но менее разработанных в настоящее время запасов нетрадиционного газа на территории Китая. Проблема сокращения субсидий отчасти решается внедрением зеленого финансирования, а также финансированием со стороны фондов (АБИИ, Фонд шелкового пути, НБР), которое позволяет реализовывать проекты распределенной генерации путем привлечения средств инвесторов, а также поддерживать перспективные технологии производства энергии. Большей частью недостатки касаются ВИЭ, так что Китай активно развивает прочие направления – атомную генерацию, производство водорода, оптимизирует энергетические потоки между внутренними регионами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of alternative energy in China. Ensuring economic growth is achieved by stable and sufficient supplies of energy to the needs of industry. Geopolitical tensions give rise to the development of national energy resources and, above all, renewable energy sources, development of which has a number of issues. A detailed examination of the 14th Five-Year (2021–2025) Energy Plan revealed challenges to China’s energy goals. Firstly, the main issue of alternative generation is the high level of «losses», i.e. the need to balance energy production with its consumption. The unevenness of energy production throughout the day, the lack of high-power batteries, as well as high-voltage lines for energy transmission, heighten this problem. Secondly, the struggle for land gives rise to competition with agriculture, construction and industrial sectors. Thirdly, alternative energy generation faces the problem of its insufficient efficiency (characterized by the ratio of energy production/ installed capacity, as well as energy density), which leads to reduction in subsidies and the replacement of renewable energy sources with more efficient, but currently less developed reserves of unconventional gas in China. The problem of subsidies is partly solved by the introduction of «green» financing as well as financing from special funds (AIIB, Silk Road Fund, NDB), that allows the implementation of distributed generation projects by attracting investor funds, as well as supporting promising energy production technologies. Most of the shortcomings relate to renewable energy sources, so China is actively developing other areas – nuclear generation, hydrogen production, and optimizing energy flows between inner regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мировая энергетика</kwd><kwd>альтернативная энергетика</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>14-й пятилетний план (2021–2025)</kwd><kwd>проблемы роста</kwd><kwd>уровень потерь</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>зеленое финансирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>world energy</kwd><kwd>alternative energy</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025)</kwd><kwd>growth problems</kwd><kwd>curtailment</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>green financing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобылев С. Н., Барабошкина А. В., Джу С., 2020. Приоритеты низкоуглеродного развития для Китая // Государственное управление: Электрон. вестн. № 82. С. 71–75. DOI: 10.24411/2070-1381-2020-10095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobylev S. N., Baraboshkina A. V., Ju S., 2020. Low-carbon development priorities for China. // Public administration. Electronic bulletin. No. 82. Рp. 71–75. DOI: 10.24411/2070-1381-2020-10095. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров А. Н., Карпова А. А., 2022. Развитие альтернативной энергетики в России с учетом китайского опыта // Российский внешнеэкономический вестник. № 5. С. 34–45. DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2022-5-34-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov A. N., Karpova A. A., 2022. The development of alternative energy in Russia, taking into account the Chinese experience // Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. No. 5. Рp. 34–45. DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2022-5-34-45. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров А. Н., Рахимзода М. А., 2022. Развитие альтернативной энергетики в Венгрии с учетом зарубежного опыта (на примере Китая) // Деловой журнал Neftegaz.RU. № 8 (128). С. 76–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov A. N., Rakhimzoda M. A., 2022. The development of alternative energy in Hungary, taking into account foreign experience (using the example of China) // Business Magazine Neftegaz.RU. No. 8 (128). Рp. 76–80. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каламкарова А. А., Булискерия Г. Н., Оздоева А. Х., 2022. Альтернативная энергетика – диверсификация энергетических рисков или новые вызовы мировому сообществу? // Нефтяное хозяйство. № 9. С. 126–131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalamkarova A. A., Buliskeriya G. N., Ozdoeva A. H., 2022. Alternative energy – diversification of energy risks or new challenges to the global community? // Oil industry. No. 9. Рp. 126–131. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bo Y., Bao-hua W., Fei-ling S., 2015. The problems facing renewable energy use in rural China. // Energy &amp; Environment, Vol. 26, No. 3. Pp. 437–443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bo Y., Bao-hua W., Fei-ling S., 2015. The problems facing renewable energy use in rural China. // Energy &amp; Environment, Vol. 26, No. 3. Pp. 437–443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J., Huang J., 2020. The expansion of China’s solar energy: Challenges and policy options // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol. 132. 110002. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J., Huang J., 2020. The expansion of China’s solar energy: Challenges and policy options // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol. 132. 110002. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lia W., Wang B., Gao T.et al., 2022. Coordinated Development of Renewable Energy: Empirical Evidence from China // Sustainability. № 14 (18). 11122. DOI: 10.3390/su141811122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lia W., Wang B., Gao T.et al., 2022. Coordinated Development of Renewable Energy: Empirical Evidence from China // Sustainability. № 14 (18). 11122. DOI: 10.3390/su141811122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo E., 2019. China solar installations to slow as subsidy cuts bite: executive // https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-solar/china-solar-installations-to-slow-assubsidy-cuts-bite-executive-idUSKCN1VR08R, дата обращения 11.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo E., 2019. China solar installations to slow as subsidy cuts bite: executive // https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-solar/china-solar-installations-to-slow-assubsidy-cuts-bite-executive-idUSKCN1VR08R, дата обращения 11.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Standaert M., 2019. Why China’s Renewable Energy Transition Is Losing Momentum. Yale Environment 360 // https://e360.yale.edu/features/why-chinas-renewable-energytransition-is-losing-momentum, дата обращения 11.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Standaert M., 2019. Why China’s Renewable Energy Transition Is Losing Momentum. Yale Environment 360 // https://e360.yale.edu/features/why-chinas-renewable-energytransition-is-losing-momentum, дата обращения 11.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tu K., 2020. China’s Global Climate Boost // https://www.chinausfocus.com/energy-environment/chinas-global-climate-boost, дата обращения 14.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tu K., 2020. China’s Global Climate Boost // https://www.chinausfocus.com/energy-environment/chinas-global-climate-boost, дата обращения 14.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Yi., 2022. China’s Green Finance Market: Policies, Incentives, Investment Opportunities // https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-green-financemarket-policies-incentives-investment-opportunities/#:~:text=China’s%20green%20finance%20policies%20promote,low%2Dcarbon%20and%20sustainable%20future, дата обращения 11.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Yi., 2022. China’s Green Finance Market: Policies, Incentives, Investment Opportunities // https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-green-financemarket-policies-incentives-investment-opportunities/#:~:text=China’s%20green%20finance%20policies%20promote,low%2Dcarbon%20and%20sustainable%20future, дата обращения 11.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yiying F., 2022. China Sets Higher Non-Fossil Power Goals in New Energy Plan // https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1009971, дата обращения 06.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yiying F., 2022. China Sets Higher Non-Fossil Power Goals in New Energy Plan // https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1009971, дата обращения 06.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asian bank of infrastructure investments // https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2023/approved/China-Chongho-Bridge-Green-Facility.html, дата обращения 15.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asian bank of infrastructure investments // https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2023/approved/China-Chongho-Bridge-Green-Facility.html, дата обращения 15.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022 // https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf, дата обращения 10.02.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022 // https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf, дата обращения 10.02.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 https://www.energyinst.org/data/assets/ pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single_3.pdf, дата обращения 10.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 https://www.energyinst.org/data/assets/ pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single_3.pdf, дата обращения 10.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China’s 14th Five-Year Plans on Renewable Energy Development and Modern Energy System, 2022 // https://www.efchina.org/Blog-en/blog-20220905-en, дата обращения 10.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China’s 14th Five-Year Plans on Renewable Energy Development and Modern Energy System, 2022 // https://www.efchina.org/Blog-en/blog-20220905-en, дата обращения 10.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China’s Curtailments go up as Renewables Growth Explodes // https://www.solarpaces.org/chinas-curtailments-go-up-as-renewables-growth-explodes/, дата обращения 25.02.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China’s Curtailments go up as Renewables Growth Explodes // https://www.solarpaces.org/chinas-curtailments-go-up-as-renewables-growth-explodes/, дата обращения 25.02.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China’s installed non-fossil fuel electricity capacity exceeds 50% of total // https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chinas-installed-non-fossil-fuel-electricitycapacity-exceeds-50-total-2023-06-12/, дата обращения 05.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China’s installed non-fossil fuel electricity capacity exceeds 50% of total // https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chinas-installed-non-fossil-fuel-electricitycapacity-exceeds-50-total-2023-06-12/, дата обращения 05.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CNPC 2020 Annual Report // https://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/2020enbvfgrme/202107/efc277d0f55e4dab8a1c386e3bbdc0a2/files/f997ca7553ee45ac84539061437f0885.pdf, дата обращения 14.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CNPC 2020 Annual Report // https://www.cnpc.com.cn/en/2020enbvfgrme/202107/efc277d0f55e4dab8a1c386e3bbdc0a2/files/f997ca7553ee45ac84539061437f0885.pdf, дата обращения 14.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEA. World Energy Outlook, 2022 // https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/830fe099-5530-48f2-a7c1-11f35d510983/WorldEnergyOutlook2022.pdf, дата обращения 06.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEA. World Energy Outlook, 2022 // https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/830fe099-5530-48f2-a7c1-11f35d510983/WorldEnergyOutlook2022.pdf, дата обращения 06.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NRDC. Modern energy. 14 FYP of China https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202206/P020220602315650388122.pdf, дата обращения: 08.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NRDC. Modern energy. 14 FYP of China https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202206/P020220602315650388122.pdf, дата обращения: 08.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NRDC. Modern energy. 14 FYP of China https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202206/P020220602315650388122.pdf, дата обращения: 08.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NRDC. Modern energy. 14 FYP of China https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202206/P020220602315650388122.pdf, дата обращения: 08.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">People’s Bank of China. Green Bond Endorsed Projects Catalogue (2021 Edition) // http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/4342400/2021091617180089879. pdf, дата обращения 15.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">People’s Bank of China. Green Bond Endorsed Projects Catalogue (2021 Edition) // http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/4342400/2021091617180089879. pdf, дата обращения 15.01.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
