Energy as a Space of Pragmatism: the Evolution of Russian-Georgian Ties

The article examines the key problems and prospects of Russian–Georgian cooperation in the energy sector. It is established that, despite the absence of diplomatic relations, Georgia and Russia demonstrate a positive dynamic in the development of economic ties, most visibly manifested in the energy domain. The development of bilateral cooperation is based on a model of functional autonomy, within which economic partnership is not linked to political decisions. The study explores the specific features of bilateral interaction in electric power communications, as well as in the supply of natural gas, crude oil, and petroleum products. Special attention is paid to the presence of Russian capital in Georgia’s energy infrastructures. The analysis shows that amid growing demand for energy resources, Georgia not only expands domestic production but also develops external energy communications, within which Russia’s share displays a trend of steady growth. The article outlines the operational characteristics of such key energy infrastructures as the Kavkasioni transmission line, the Enguri HPP, and the North Caucasus–Transcaucasia gas pipeline, among others. Building on the analysis, the authors conclude that the Russian Federation’s presence in Georgia’s energy sector is systemic in nature. Drawing on this, they go on to examine prospects for deepening the Russian-Georgian energy dialogue in light of the commissioning of Georgia’s first oil refinery in Kulevi. In the broader context of shifting power balances in the South Caucasus, this partnership offers Russia a lever of indirect influence through control over the regional energy market, while providing Georgia with a tool to bolster its own energy security without expanding engagement on the political track.

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