RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN RELATIONS: A NEW STAGE
https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_25_1_61
Abstract
The article characterizes the current stage of Russian-Mongolian cooperation, reveals the factors and conditions that determined the new stage of bilateral interaction after 2010. The development of cooperation is conditioned by the needs of regional interaction and the need to solve the problems of internal socio-economic process of Russia and Mongolia. The authors note that the expansion of trade and economic relations with Russia is important for Mongolia for several reasons, including diversification of the public economy, prevention of unipolar orientation of foreign economic activity and the need to solve internal socio-economic problems. The article emphasizes Mongolia’s transit potential and its role in Russia-China relations.
The authors separately note that Mongolia faces economic development challenges, including low GDP and high unemployment. In this regard, the Mongolian government is implementing policies and programs aimed at economic development, employment and reducing unemployment and poverty.
The intensification of relations between the two countries in the context of Russian interests contributes to the expansion of functional geopolitical space, helps to overcome the artificial isolation constructed by the West, as well as increases the transit opportunities for Russia.
About the Authors
V. G. EgorovRussian Federation
Egorov Vladimir G., Doctor of History, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Political Science and Political Analysis
A. A. Belonogova
Russian Federation
Belonogova Anastasia A., Research Fellow
References
1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 746-r dated May 29, 2001 «On holding the Third International Meeting of Experts in Irkutsk to develop a framework agreement on transit transport between the Russian Federation, China and Mongolia on September 11–15, 2001» // https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901788457, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
2. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 2003 No. 291 «On Extending the validity of the Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Government of the Mongolian People’s Republic on the activities of the Soviet-Mongolian joint Mining and Processing Enterprise «Erdenet», 2003 // https://rulaws.ru/goverment/Postanovlenie-Pravitelstva-RF-ot-19.05.2003-N-291/, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
3. Joint Russian-Mongolian Statement No. 46-14-01-2004, 2004 // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1692376, accessed 17.01.2024. (In Russ.)
4. Ulaanbaatar Declaration, 2000 // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1709886, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
5. Convention on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation (Convention No. 111) of June 25, 1958 // https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/labour.shtml, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
6. Russian-Mongolian relations: from the origins to the present. International Scientific Conference «Russian-Mongolian relations: from the origins to the present», dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Mongolia / S. G. Luzyanin, V. V. Stoll, O. V. Lushnikov et al. // Observer. 2021. No. 4 (375). Рp. 4–74. DOI 10.48137/2074-2975-2021-4-4. (In Russ.)
7. Avdakov I. Yu., 2018. The Silk Road Economic Belt Project and the Russia – China – Mongolia Transport and Industrial Corridor // Oriental Analytics. No. 4. Рp. 7–10. (In Russ.)
8. Vorontsov A.V., 2018. Realism is the main criterion for the implementation of urgent tasks on the path of global cooperation projects in the China – Russia – Mongolia format // Oriental Analytics. No. 3. Рp. 29–35. (In Russ.)
9. Grayvoronsky V. V., 2018. Chinese mega-project Silk Road Economic Belt: the place and role of Mongolia // Oriental Analytics. No. 3. Рp. 49–59. (In Russ.)
10. Makarov A. V., Makarova E. V., Beshentsev A. N., 2023. Mongolia: Foreign trade and infrastructure development // World Economy and International Relations. Vol. 67. No. 9. Р. 69. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-9-68-78. (In Russ.)
11. Boikova E., 2021. Hand in hand. Soviet-Mongolian cooperation during the Second World War // https://historyrussia.org/sobytiya/ruka-ob-ruku-sovetsko-mongolskoe-sotrudnichestvo-v-gody-vtoroj-mirovoj-vojny.html, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
12. Namzhilova V. O., 2022. China – Mongolia – Russia Economic Corridor: infrastructure focus // https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/ekonomicheskiy-koridor-kitay-mongoliya-rossiya-infrastrukturnyy-fokus/, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
13. Davaakhuu O., Sharma K., Bandara Ya. M. W. Y., 2015. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment During Economic Transition in Mongolia // Australasian Journal of Regional Studies. Vol. 21, No. 1. Pр. 138–158. (In Eng.)
14. Baseline Study on Supply and Demand for Self- and Wage-employment For Current and Future Work. Report, 2021 // https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/mn/BASELINE-STUDY-ON-SUPPLY-AND-DEMAND-ENG-12-16.pdf, accessed 12.01.2024. (In Eng.)
15. Mongolia Jobs Diagnostic: More Vibrant and Inclusive Labor Markets for Economic Recovery and Diversification. Synthesis Report, 2022 // https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099030001132333606/pdf/P17445302d04700790adb8066bc652052a1.pdf, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Eng.)
16. Mongolia Poverty Update 2018. Main Report of «Household Socio-Economic Survey 2018» // https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/532121589213323583/pdf/Mongolia-Poverty-Update-2018.pdf, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Eng.)
17. Mongolia’s Economic Prospects. Resource-Rich and Landlocked between Two Giants. Asian Development Bank, 2020 // https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/611416/mongolia-economic-prospects.pdf, accessed 12.01.2024. (In Eng.)
18. About the visit Of Russian President Vladimir Putin To Mongolia // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1639624/, accessed 14.01.2024. (In Russ.)
19. About the meeting of Russian President Vladimir Putin with Mongolian President N. Enkhbayar, Shanghai, June 15, 2006 // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1740570, accessed 08.01.2024. (In Russ.)
20. On the first trilateral consultations of the Deputy Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1659265, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
21. On cooperation of the subjects of the Russian Federation with Mongolia (background information), 2007 // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1678098, accessed 11.01.2024 (In Russ.)
22. On the trilateral consultations of the Deputy Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1505938, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
23. Trade and economic relations between Russia and Mongolia (background information) // https://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/mn/1674006, accessed 11.01.2024. (In Russ.)
Review
For citations:
Egorov V.G., Belonogova A.A. RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN RELATIONS: A NEW STAGE. Geoeconomics of Energetics. 2024;(1):61-79. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2024_25_1_61